Official statistics
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Two inflation measures are shown. The National Institute of Statistics' national CPI is the headline figure and the one the National Bank of Romania targets (2.5%, plus or minus one point); the EU-harmonised HICP is shown for comparison with other EU countries. In Romania the two differ more than in most EU countries because their weights differ. The interest rate is the NBR's monetary policy rate. Both inflation measures are shown from January 2002: from 1997 to 2001 annual inflation ran between 40% and over 150% after price liberalisation, which would flatten every later movement on the charts. The national CPI comes from the IMF's copy of INS's index, published about a month after INS, so its latest month can be one behind.
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Unemployment is Eurostat's monthly, seasonally adjusted rate (ILO definition, ages 15 to 74). Romania is not an OECD member, so the OECD's 15 to 64 employment and participation rates shown for other EU countries are not available. Unemployment is shown from January 2009: Eurostat's earlier monthly series for Romania has one-month steps (2004 and 2009) that look like changes of method rather than movements in the labour market.
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Goods trade is Eurostat's monthly total with the rest of the world, converted from euros to lei at each month's ECB reference rate. Romania imports more goods than it exports every month. All three series end at the latest month for which both exports and imports are published.
Goods trade only. Services aren't covered by this data source and aren't shown here, so relationships that lean heavily on services may be understated.
Illustrative 2024 figures, US$bn
Illustrative fallback shows 13 major partners. Once live, every partner UN Comtrade has data for is fetched: the radial view shows the top 20 by value, the map shows the top 50, and the ranking list can be expanded to show the top 50 too.
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Debt and the budget balance are Eurostat's excessive deficit procedure figures for general government, calendar years. Romania has been under the EU's excessive deficit procedure since 2020. GDP is shown from 2000; Eurostat's quarterly estimates for the late 1990s swing implausibly from quarter to quarter.
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The 10-year yield is the ECB's monthly long-term interest rate for convergence purposes for Romania. The exchange rates are World Bank annual averages of the official leu rate, so they move once a year. The leu was redenominated in July 2005 (10,000 old lei became 1 leu); earlier figures are shown in new lei.